About this dataset
- ·Covers 2019-12-31 – 2026-10-03
- ·11.1M rows (live estimate)
- ·Resolution: hourly
- ·All 36 states & UTs — subset at checkout
- ·Exports built fresh from the live database at purchase time
- ·Coverage report with every known gap disclosed (below)
₹2,499
Leave empty for all currently covered states. A subset is priced pro-rata (min 40%).
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Sold by India Energy Atlas · CC-BY license · cite: India Energy Atlas (energymap.in), CC BY 4.0
Enterprise delivery
Need this landing in Snowflake, S3, or GCS on a schedule — or under an enterprise license with custom windows? We set up direct cloud delivery for enterprise customers.
Pro-forma invoicing and bank transfer available for institutional buyers.
About this dataset
Hourly grid carbon intensity per state, zone and national, derived from the canonical fuel mix using CEA baseline emission factors (version-stamped on every row). Exports are recomputed from the current fuel-mix series at build time, so the file you download reflects upstream corrections rather than a frozen snapshot.
Coverage — measured, not promised
Dec 2019 to present, hourly. Intensity inherits the fuel-mix series' actual-vs-modeled split; emission factor version is stamped per row.
| hourly_carbon_intensity_canonical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hourly_fuel_mix_canonical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019-12 | 2020-06 | 2020-12 | 2021-06 | 2021-12 | 2022-06 | 2022-12 | 2023-06 | 2023-12 | 2024-06 | 2024-12 | 2025-06 | 2025-12 | 2026-06 |
Known holes — disclosed, never hidden
No multi-day gaps detected inside the covered window at the last weekly scan.
- hourly_carbon_intensity_canonical
- 20,32,817 rows
- 2019-12-31 – 2026-09-28
- hourly_fuel_mix_canonical
- 62,30,299 rows
- 2019-12-31 – 2026-09-28
Coverage stats generated 2026-09-28 by the weekly sample-assets pipeline · 82,63,116 total rows
Data dictionary
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| timestamp | timestamptz | Hour start, UTC |
| scope | text | national / zone / state |
| scope_key | text | all-india, zone name, or state slug |
| intensity_gco2_kwh | float | Grid carbon intensity, gCO2/kWh |
| intensity_class | text | green / yellow / red |
| dominant_fuel | text | Highest-share fuel this hour |
| emission_factors_version | text | CEA baseline version, e.g. cea_co2_baseline_v18 |
| source | text | Source tag |
| confidence | text | high / medium / low |
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| timestamp | timestamptz | Hour start, UTC |
| scope | text | national / zone / state |
| scope_key | text | all-india, zone name, or state slug |
| fuel_type | text | thermal / nuclear / hydro / solar / wind / gas / other |
| generation_mw | float | Generation, MW |
| share_fraction | float | Share of scope total, 0-1 |
| source | text | Source tag (see Source Tag Quick Reference) |
| confidence | text | high / medium / low |
Caveats — read before you buy
- Carbon is production-based: each state's intensity is its in-state generation mix times CEA emission factors. Imports and exports are not adjusted, so an importing state reads cleaner than the power it consumes and an exporting state carries the emissions of power consumed elsewhere.
- One exception to the above: where the modelled hourly fuel mix still carries an `imports` band (about 30 importing states, e.g. Delhi, West Bengal, Punjab), that share is priced at a flat 600 gCO2/kWh, so those states' hourly intensity partly reflects modelled imports.
- A consumption-based (import-adjusted) daily series is available separately, labelled modelled: net import = POSOCO demand met minus in-state generation, priced at the pooled intensity of net exporters. The national consumption-weighted average matches national production intensity within 2% on each day checked (`/api/intelligence/carbon-intensity/consumption`; method note in the response).
- Average intensity only; no marginal intensity series is published.
- Hourly state values are modelled and inherit the state fuel mix: its under-reporting of exporter states, and its monthly climatology before 2025-09-20.
- Exports recompute at build time (emission-factor corrections included).
License & citation
CC-BY
Cite as: India Energy Atlas (energymap.in), CC BY 4.0
Frequently asked
What exactly do I get when I buy Grid Carbon Intensity, Hourly (36 States)?
A one-time export built fresh from the live India Energy Atlas database at purchase time, delivered as csv_gz via a private tokened download link, with a per-state/per-month coverage report and a data dictionary included. Dec 2019 to present, hourly. Intensity inherits the fuel-mix series' actual-vs-modeled split; emission factor version is stamped per row.
How is this licensed?
CC BY 4.0 — use it anywhere, including published work, with attribution: "India Energy Atlas (energymap.in), CC BY 4.0".
How fresh is the data and how are gaps handled?
The catalog shows live freshness straight from the source tables (15-minute server cache). Exports are built at purchase time, and every known multi-day gap is disclosed in the coverage report on this page — we never sell around a hole silently.
Can I configure the date range and states?
Yes — the configurator lets you pick the time window, states and format before checkout, and the price scales with the window you pick.
Do you offer pro-forma invoices or bank transfer?
Yes. Institutional buyers can request a pro-forma invoice and pay by bank transfer; the order unlocks automatically once payment is marked received. Stripe checkout (cards/UPI) is available for self-serve purchases.
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← All datasets·Source: India Energy Atlas · api.energymap.in · coverage and samples regenerated weekly